Hi Marshall 🇲🇭 i have chosen to pick the illustrations purely because that they are some of my favourite, and not because they are particularly helpful in understanding perspective. the first illustration I will talk about should align with the first photo, and so on. and just so we don’t forget: * Diminution (smaller objects appear farther away), * Convergence (parallel lines meet at vanishing points), * Foreshortening (objects look shorter when viewed from an angle), * Overlap (closer objects cover parts of farther ones), * Atmosphere (distant objects fade or change color due to air or light). Artist: Jackob Martin Strid * Diminution = 4/5 You can clearly see the holes in the motor getting smaller, as well as what appears to be shelves on the side of the motor. It doesn’t get 5/5 because I think it could be even clearer. * Convergence = 5/5 SCD * Foreshortening = 5/5 The way the holes on top of the motor goes from circles, to ovals, and then to thin slivers as they go away, is one of the things that makes this one of my favourite pieces. * Overlap = 4/5 Although overlap is far from the main thing in this piece that shows depth, it’s still utilised in the crankshafts (I think that’s what they’re called). * Atmosphere = 0/5 The background is just a white void and the thing furthest away is not that far, so there’s no use of atmospheric perspective. OVERALL SCORE = 3,6/5 Although the score doesn’t look that impressive, I think this piece show a great appreciation of these principles. When I read this book- ( Den Fantastiske Bus, it’s a fantastic book, I think you should buy it!) -I easily get sucked into the world when I see drawings like this, simply because it so effectively uses perspective to convey an actual 3D space. Artist: Howard Pyle * Diminution = 2/5 The ship in the back is bigger even though its further away. At least you can see the waves diminishing. * Convergence = 0/5 This painting is filled with organic shapes, and the few straight lines don’t seem to be converging. * Foreshortening = 2/5 the big ship in the back appears shorter in length because it is turned somewhat towards the viewer. * Overlap = 5/5 The ships in the front overlap the big ship in the back, and the waves closer overlap the waves further away. Overlap is probably the main trick that shows depth in this piece. * Atmosphere = 4/5 The ships further away gradually has less contrast, and you can actually see the smoke that is creating this atmosphere. OVERALL SCORE = 2,6/5 I think it’s interesting to see that you can achieve an acceptable illusion of depth by only using a few of these principles. Artist: Adolph Menzel * Diminution = 0/5 The entire is somewhat flat, not a lot of diminution going on. * Convergence = 0/5 Nope. * Foreshortening 5/5 The big toe points up towards the camera and clearly gets squished. You can also see a little foreshortening on the leg, because it also points upwards. * Overlap 1/5 Some of the toes overlap each other very slightly, and the foot overlaps the background of course. * Atmosphere = 0/5 No. OVERALL SCORE = 1,2/5 I think that if it wasn’t for the fact that the picture depicts very accurately something we all have seen before and know what is, it wouldn’t give a very strong illusion of a 3D space. I chose this picture purely because I find the colour, anatomy and technique amazing, not because I think he used these perspective tricks well on this painting. Artist: Hergé * Diminution = 4/5 The red fish closest is larger than the red fish a little further back. The seaweed in the foreground is also much larger than the seaweed far in the background. * Convergence 2/5 There is some straight line structure on the shark-submarine, but most of this illustration is just organic shapes and lines. * Foreshortening 1/5 Just a little bit in a couple of places. * Overlap 5/5 Probably the main way the viewer is supposed to interpret the 3D space of this illustration. Especially prominent in the seaweed, overlap is how you can tell witch pieces of seaweed are in front of the submarine, and witch are behind. * Atmosphere 2/5 The seaweed in the far background are rendered fully black, and I think that gives a little atmospheric effect, although it’s not the main way of showing depth. OVERALL SCORE = 2,8 I think that because this is the cover of a cartoon, it was important for Hergé to create a graphically strong image, and maybe depth wasn’t the focus point. On the other hand the score is pulled up because cartoons are often drawn with complete lines, and there’s seldom anything abstract that could confuse the viewer on what 3D space they are seeing.

Assignment Review and evaluate favourite images 1. Andrew Tischler(eagle) a. Diminution 4 b, Convergence c. Foreshortening 4 d. Overlap 4 e. Atmosphere 4 .... 2. Andrew Tischler(landscape) a. Diminution 4 b, Convergence 4 c. Foreshortening 4 d. Overlap 4 e. Atmosphere 4 .... 3. Ivon Aivozosky's Shipreck a. Diminution 5 b, Convergence 5 c. Foreshortening 5 d. Overlap 5 e. Atmosphere 3.5 ..... 4. Ivon Aivozosky's American Ship off the rock of Gibraltar( this is not full painting) a. Diminution 5 b, Convergence 4 c. Foreshortening 4.5 d. Overlap 4.5 e. Atmosphere 4

Some of my boring evaluations...

Here's my third evaluation.

Here's my second evaluation.

Here's my first evaluation. I was surprised that each example included all five depth tricks.

This was a fun one to do with family and friends. I do need to keep an eye out for more examples of foreshortening and atmospheric perspective. I didn't notice it at the time but I heavily favor examples with heavy use of Overlapping. (Cosmic Odyssey- Mike Mignola, Blade Runner- Al Williamson, Fantastic Four- John Byrne, Empire Strikes Back- Al Williamson, Superman- Fleischer, King of Fighters- Shinkiro, Ghost in the Shell- Tatsunoko, Metal Slug- Shinkiro, Vision of Escaflowne- Sunrise, Return of the King- Alan Lee)

Assignments like these are what challenge my understanding of my own observational skills. I'm glad to be given that chance, even when I fall short of my own expectations. Here's a few of my favorite works of art, from some of my favorite artists and I'll try to do my best to analyze them. The first one is an environmental/background by Kazuo Oga done for the Ghibli film, "Only Yesterday", and I'd rate it thusly: Diminution: 5 Convergence: 4 Foreshortening: 4 Overlap: 3 Atmosphere: 4 Next is a woodblock print by Hasui Kawase of Zojoji Temple in Shiba. Diminution: 3 Convergence: 1 Foreshortening: 1 Overlap: 5 Atmosphere: 3 After this is one of my favorite works by Tolkien, titled "Bilbo comes to the Huts of the Raft-elves". Diminution: 5 Convergence: 4 Foreshortening: 2 Overlap: 4 Atmosphere: 4 And lastly, one I discovered from Maurice LeLoir, called "Opportunity Makes the Thief". Diminution: 4 Convergence: 2 Foreshortening: 3 Overlap: 4 Atmosphere: 5 I'm still hunting down treasures when and where I can. I'm realizing I just haven't done that enough and that I've been missing out on a wealth of artistic inspiration. There's always so much more to learn.

What an interesting assignment. This assignment has taught me to look at a painting not just with admiration but with attitude to analyze , understand, and get inspired by a painting. Here is my submission. Three of the studied paintings First---Thomas Moran I could find 4 elements in this landscape of cliffs of Green River Wyoming by Thomas Moran. D -Diminution -biggest cliff looks closest and the further away cliffs are smaller in size. Even the figures are getting smaller as they are moving further away. Size of trees is bigger in front than at the back. C- Convergence -Cliffs are converging towards left same is with group of people, animals and trees. F- Foreshortening- I could not find evidence of that here. O Overlap- lots of evidence. First the Cliffs main subject of the landscape has cliffs overlapping. Figures and trees are also overlapping. A -Atmosphere. Clouds in sky and their shadows on cliffs and bit of fog on cliffs is a way that Mr. Moran has depicted the depth in this beautiful landscape Second---Andre Bouvard Andre Bouvard’s –Venice In this landscape D--I see use of Diminution when artist made the right side building bigger and left side houses are much smaller giving illusion, we as an observer are closer to right building. Again the green door on right looks much bigger to the brown door on the big building giving impression that smaller building with tree is the closest. C -Convergence one point convergence is very clear F –Foreshortening. Here too I could not find any evidence of it. It might be I do not understand Foreshortening. O –Overlap-Various buildings overlapping, pink sailboat overlapping yellow sailboat making it recede. Gondolas are overlapping. A Atmosphere -Hazy sky and blurred building at the back. Third --Jim Lee Trinity by Jim Lee D -Diminution Look at the buildings, building in foreground are bigger than ones in background. As the building are receding artist made them smaller. C -Convergence - Artist made three figures which are converging. White rays in sky seem to be converging to same point. F -Foreshortening – There is plenty of evidence. Superman figure, exaggerated fist, thigh of batman, legs of wonder woman. O -Overlap- Overlapping buildings, plane overlapping buildings and three figures overlapping everything. A -Atmosphere – Blurred buildings in background and clouds in sky

I chose 6 pieces of art from my favorite aritist on Instagram. In order: 1. @arturodraws A fantastic artists who works with the Dallas Mavericks of the NBA. He created this rendition of Rodrigue Beaubois on March 27, 2024. Diminution (3/5): The rock formations do decrease in size as you move further away from the foreground, and the Golden Gate Bridge does appear smaller because it is further away. However, this piece does not seem to focus on the use of diminution because the player is huge! Convergence (4/5): The rock formations and bridge all seem to converge at a point off of the left of the canvas. The player himself converges to a different vanishing point to the right side of the canvas. I do think that the top of the bridge does not converge well to the same point, and thought that the further side of the support should be a bit higher than the closer side of the support. Overlap (5/5): Rock formations overlap one another, as well as the player in relation to the bridge. Atmosphere (4/5): My favorite part of this drawing. The left rock formations, trees in the background, and the shorts on the player are all faded to different degrees. Arturo even uses a splash of water to create a misty effect which I really love. Going to post the highlights of the rest of the pieces to keep it shorter 2. @artwithbryn My favorite part of this piece is that almost everything is faded for the atmospheric perspective. The only solid parts are parts of the swords and the pommel of the large sword. This piece is largely driven by atmosphere and overlap, with use of convergence as well. (D: 3/5) (C: 3/5) (F: 1/5) (O: 5/5) (A: 5/5) 3. @nicolasvsanchez Organic forms with very few straight lines, so not the best to study perspective, but I love his work and wanted to try! The piece wasn't rendered to be realistic and was left 'fuzzy', so it is hard to determine any atmospheric perspective. The forearm of the person holding the child shows foreshortening, and the child overlaps the person to create depth. (D: 1/5) (C: 1/5) (F: 4/5) (O: 5/5) (A: 1/5) 4. @paulheaston I love Paul's work. His videos are so soothing because he has such confidence in building out his drawings with relatively accurate perspective. I rated everything except atmosphere as a 5, because everything converges to vanishing point in the back left, objects get clearly smaller as they move away from the foreground, the objects overlap in the foreground and background to establish where they are in relation to the viewer. Atmosphere I gave a 2, because the background objects dont have hatching which gives a similar effect to fading away. Last note - first person point-of-view makes it very easy for the viewer to recognize the major parts of the drawing. (D: 5/5) (C: 5/5) (F: 5/5) (O: 5/5) (A: 2/5) 5. & 6. @flo.creates.art One of the most creative artists on instagram that preaches and teaches perspective. The first picture of the skeleton is interesting because the perspective grid is bent in a fisheye lens, but everything still works! The major focus is the foreshortening of the body starting with the shoes closest to the viewer and working its way up to the head which is tiny. (D: 4/5) (C: 5/5) (F: 5/5) (O: 3/5) (A: 0/5) The second image also is a masterclass of foreshortening, in my opinion. The perspective grid seems to be 1 point landing somewhere in the torso, not curved like the first piece. (D: 5/5) (C: 5/5) (F: 5/5) (O: 5/5) (A: 0/5)

Quick analysis. I thought it was interesting which effects these tricks could have on the viewer e.g. establish scale, movement/action, leading the eye etc.

This my collection of perspective techniques, I rate them all with a 5/5. Number one uses the convergence technique and I love the feeling of space around the two figures enjoying the view and the abstract shapes within the perspective grid for the distant constructions. Number two uses foreshortening to exaggerate the depth of view from below the figure and the water making the viewer feel that they are about to be trodden on, along with being wet!. The technique works well with the idea of looking through water at distorted shapes. Number three uses diminution for repeated shapes and keeps the distance even with red as a background colour. Number four has atmospheric perspective on the background layer contrasting with the dark foreground and detailed middle ground. I like the way the atmosphere looks natural in the surroundings. Number five is a painting by Carl Randall an artist in the UK. I like the overlapping shapes that are grouped to keep it easy to read and split the painting into three spaces. I also like it because I am it. I am the one who has shut eyes as I wasn’t very good at staying awake!

As I can see most environment concept artists use all the weapons available, but I found out that it's mostly the atmospheric perspective that was used the most. Convergences, I reckon, appear more in human-built environments. It's interesting that foreshortening can give more dynamic feeling to the piece, which I find mostly in comic books/manga and storyboards

This project made me realize I am drawn to works that use overlap, diminution, and atmosphere in that order to form a pleasing picture. I prefer landscapes and natural forms in art. I don't know if it is a symptom of the works I chose or lack of training but I was hard pressed to find any foreshortening in the pieces. I looked in the organic forms (tree limbs and people mostly). The only example I could find is in the Booth piece with the chair on the left hand side. But even that I think is more convergence than foreshortening. I am not overly familiar with a comic beyond Calvin & Hobbes. Looking at some of Waterson's work for the daily strips it is mostly overlap. But when he gets a bigger color Sunday strip he can definitely use all the tricks to bring a comic up to the level (in my opinion) of fine art.

Here is my attempt at analysing a few drawings. Im sorry for any bad english, its not my mothertounge and Im not used to writing longer texts in english 1 Kley, vergebene Liebesmüh Diminution: 1/5 only few objects all close to the camera Convergence:1/5 Foreshortening: 1/5 Overlap: 4/5 quite a lot of overlap, to show which part is in front of another Atmosphere: 1/5 Volume and depth is mostly shown by overlap, since there are very few objects, that are all relativly close to the camera. The rendering also helps to show the threedimensionality, it helps to show the directions of the forms, also many of the renderinglines are crosscontourlines. 2 Kley, Fabrik Diminution: 4/5 many of the same objects are repeated, and are beeing shown at different distances from the camera. Eg the „towers“, the chimneys, wagons etc Convergence: 4/5 There is quite a bit of convergence happening, most importantly with the „towers“ and the wagons and the „railroads“ all beeing parallel Foreshortening: 2/5 There is some of it since objects are seen at an angle, but since most objects arent close to the camera the effect of it arent crazy. Overlap: 4/5 There are many objects overlapping each other. Atmosphere: 5/5 Objects that are further are lighter, and more blue, the foreground is very red. Having analysed these two drawings by Kley Im actually impressed by how the first drawing which doesnt has deep space and mostly relys on overlaps and crossconturrendering is, in my opinion even more volumetric than the second image, which has deeper space and utilizes more of the perspectivetricks. 3 Floyd Gottfredson: Diminution: 2/5 Mickey and the tree are smaller than what they would be if they where closer to the camera, of course Mickey is also smaller in height than catnip, so him beeing further away enhances the effect of diminution. Convergence: 2/5 the way is clearly converging. Foreshortening: 2/5 Things like the streetsign or the faces of characters are seen from an angle, with the further away eye beeing shorter. Overlap: 2/5 there is some overlap, especially with the dogs, and their leg beeing in front of their head/ being in front of each other. Atmosphere: 1/5 The tree is drawn with light lines. 4 David Colman, Storyboard: Diminution: 1/5 There arent really any objects that are similar in size tha are repeated in the distance. Convergence: 5/5 I love the converging rain. Foreshortening: 2/5 Dracula is seen from below, looking up at him, so his legs are bigger than the rest of his body. Overlap: 2/5 Forground objects do overlap background objects a bit Atmosphere: 3/5 Objects on the foreground are generally darker, especially where they overlap 5 Kim Jung Gi: Diminution: 5/5 Many similar sized objects are repeated throughout the drawing, most notably many humans that are getting smaller as they are further away Convergence:4/5 There is alot of parallel lines that show obvious conversion, especially in the buildings but also in the vehicles. Foreshortening:2/5 Many objects are seen from an angle, but Foreshortening isnt the main factor in making this drawing 3D. Overlap: 5/5 The drawing is jamfull with people and other objects, so there are countless example of things overlapping each other. Atmosphere: 2/5 The persons in the very foreground seem to be a bit darker, and things further away are generally drawn with thinner lines.

hello ! This exercice gave me the excuse to dig through my favorite art books once again 🥳 There are so much beautiful / masterful painting to see, it was so difficult to choose which one I would analyse. What I saw during doing this is that there is always a little bit of the 5 ways to create depht in a picture, but the accent is frequently put on 2 - 3 ways and not all 5 at the same time. (exemple : overlap, diminution, atmospheric perspective.). That gave me ideas of what to choose to have a winning composition :D Tried to make the images as readable as I can (not a pro of graphic tablet/photoshop) :) Thank you Marshall for this lesson and exercice, I just loved (!) doing it

Did some more studies.. This time of a James Gurney and a Kilian Eng masterpiece. James Gurney piece: Diminution: 4/5 Along with providing a scale for gauging the size relationship among humans and dinos in the foreground, he puts one in the background and subtly adds some flying ones in the distant sky to create depth. Also, the humans spread around the canvas diminishes with distance. Convergence: 1/5 Apart from some obvious convergence of buildings and foreshortened figures, this trick seems to be not used that much. Foreshortening: 3/5 Foreshortening is primarily used in the focal piece, the brachiosaurus( I guess). Apart from thst some boats and humans are foreshortened to create the environment. Overlapping: 4/5 I noticed many overlaps in my shape study, the building in the foreground overlaps the dino, and the humans in the foreground overlaps it, too which also establishes the magnanimity of the creature. Some smaller dinos overlap the building in the foreground, etc. Atmospheric perspective: 5/5 Atmospheric perspective is immensely used not only to create the depth but to create the value contrast in the focal point. Kilian Eng piece: Diminution: 5/5 Kilian establishes the size of the creature by placing a human on its back and then places the focal point in the midground. The diminution of this huge creature is evident as he fills the foreground with branches and trunks of trees. Convergence: 1/5 Apart from the basic 1 point convergence of the overall composition and on the scattered objects in the foreground, I can’t find it being used to create depth Foreshortening: 1/5 Some objects in the foreground are foreshortened to create not only depth, but variety. Overlap: 4/5 In the foreground, he uses overlap of a huge no of shapes to create depth and variety. The piece still feels so coherent as the value group in the foreground is close-knit, as seen in my value study. Atmospheric: 5/5 The value study shows how much of this trick is used to create depth. In my opinion, this is the main trick used in this piece.

This wasn’t part of the assignment but I took some notes!

1. A panel from a Dragon Ball manga Diminution: 2/5. Some of the debris are smaller father out. But overall the buildings get bigger the farther out you go. Convergence: 1/5, the buildings are altered for there to be no exact vanishing point. All lead to a certain direction but if all were perfectly squared, there will be a vanishing point. Foreshortening: 3/5, not any extreme angle but has some foreshortening. Overlap: 5/5, the overlapping of the buildings gives the illusion of what's farther an closer. Atmosphere: 4/5, the buildings aren't changing, but the ground is changing from darker to lighter, depending on the distance. 2. A John Martin painting. Diminution: 4/5, the castle, the trees in the background and the mountains cause Diminution. Convergence: 1/5, no vanishing points Foreshortening: 2/5 no extreme foreshortening Overlap: 5/5, the main illusion of depth is the overlapping of the mountains. Atmosphere: 5/5, The fog in the far distance mountains and sky give an illusion of depth. 3. Spiderman drawing. Diminution: 5/5, the buildings get small as they lead to a vanishing point. Convergence: 5/5, Same thing. Foreshortening: 5/5, the buildings seem to get change shape as it gets closer to the vanishing point. Overlap: 5/5, everything is overlapping. Atmosphere: 1/5, everything is pretty much the same value.

I underperformed on the original gathering assignment so I gathered some more for this one. I'm not sure I understand Atmosphere. Is it when air and space is represented and implied with the horizon? That's what I went with for my ratings here. From left to right. Rain Szeto Diminution 2 Convergence 3 Foreshortening 1 Overlap 5 Atmosphere 4 Moebius Diminution 4 Convergence 2 Foreshortening 1 Overlap 5 Atmosphere 2 Masaaki Nakayama Diminution 5 Convergence 5 Foreshortening 2 Overlap 5 Atmosphere 2 Herge Diminution 4 Convergence 5 Foreshortening 1 Overlap 4 Atmosphere 4