There are both sharp and soft shadows, similar to specular and diffuse light.
The larger the light source and softer the shadows
Ambient occlusion is basically another word for soft shadows from ambient light.
Flares and bloom are something that happens in the lens of the camera rather than in the atmosphere
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About instructor
Jeremy teaches Light and Color and has worked for over 25 years in the animation, film and games industry, most notably at Pixar Animation Studios